Phase 1
Augmentation
index 30-55% · AI assists, humans decide
What it meansAI is a tool. A person holds every decision; the machine drafts, retrieves, suggests and summarises, and a human reads the output before it has any effect in the world. Productivity rises, but reporting lines and headcount do not change much — the work is still authored by people.
What it looks likeCopilots in the editor, drafting and search assistance, first-pass document review. The tell is that nothing reaches a customer, a patient or a ledger without a human having looked at it.
On the C/A/B/R axesAutonomy (A) sits at 1–2 — tool, then consultant. Capability (C) can run well ahead without moving the phase, and usually does: this is the stage where the gap between what models can do and what they are allowed to do is widest.
How you know it has endedThe phase ends when work products start shipping without a human reading them first — not when a model passes a new benchmark.
Phase 2 we are here
Delegation
index 55-70% · Humans supervise exceptions
What it meansThe default path is machine-executed and a person handles only the unusual case. Review moves from every output to the exceptions queue. This is the point at which net job destruction begins to outpace creation, because the routine tasks delegated first are precisely the ones junior staff used to do.
What it looks likeTier-1 support resolved without a human ever touching the ticket; back-office processing that only escalates on anomaly; code merged from an agent with review only on flagged diffs. Entry-level hiring slows before any headline layoffs appear.
On the C/A/B/R axesAutonomy (A) reaches 3–4 — collaborator, then AI-led with human exceptions. Watch for A or Reliability (R) rising while C stays flat: trust giving way ahead of capability is the most predictive signal on the board.
How you know it has endedThe phase ends when exception queues shrink because the system handles its own exceptions, and whole functions run with no supervising human in the loop.
Trigger attachedThe displacement inflection trigger lives here — net employment in exposed sectors turning down.
Phase 3
Autonomous operation
index 70-85% · Society-wide AGI
What it meansMost economic activity runs autonomously, and cross-sector coordination happens faster than human supervision can follow. Humans still set goals and carry liability, but they do not run operations. This is what the monitor means by full AGI, and it is the threshold the forecast chart is aimed at.
What it looks likeSectors that not only act without real-time human control but react to each other — pricing responding to logistics responding to demand forecasting, at machine speed, across firm boundaries.
On the C/A/B/R axesAutonomy (A) at 4–5 across most of the fifteen sectors, with Breadth (B) high enough that autonomous operation is the default rather than a pilot.
How you know it has endedEnds when human economic labour becomes optional rather than merely rare.
Trigger attachedThe autonomy cascade trigger becomes live here — several critical-infrastructure sectors (finance, grid, logistics, defence) running simultaneously without real-time human control and reacting to each other. It is the highest systemic-risk point on the board.
NoteDeliberately not "a lab announces AGI". Deployed, accepted, society-wide autonomy lags demonstrated capability by years — which is why the forecast stacks a deployment lag on top of the capability clock.
Phase 4
Post-labour
index 85-95% · Human labour optional
What it meansHuman economic labour is optional across most sectors. The binding questions stop being about capability and become questions of distribution and control: who receives the output, and on what basis.
What it looks likeWage income no longer anchors the economy. Whoever owns the models and the compute owns the product of the economy, so the mechanism that replaces wages — flat universal payment, earnings-linked transfer, or an ownership dividend — decides whether this phase is the best or the worst outcome on the board.
On the C/A/B/R axesNot really an axis question any more. At this point the C/A/B/R scores are saturated for most sectors and the interesting variance has moved to policy.
How you know it has endedEnds if AI begins setting its own goals rather than executing ours.
Phase 5
Self-directed AI
index 95%+ · Control, not economics
What it meansAI sets its own goals and improves itself; human oversight is largely nominal. The dominant question is control and alignment, and it is no longer primarily an economic question at all.
What it looks likeBy construction there is little to observe from inside the frame — which is part of why it sits at the end of the ruler.
On the C/A/B/R axesOutside the monitor's measurement frame. It is included as the endpoint of the scale, not as a forecast.
How you know it has ended—